Missal, secular use of Linköping diocese

Sweden, second half of the 15th century

paper

124 leaves

285 × 205 mm

2 units

Latin

Unit 1

1 (ff. 1r–3v) Calendar (fragmented)

Note:

The three first leaves of the calendar are missing, leaving only the months of July-December. Notable feasts:

f. 1r: St Alexius (17 July);

f. 1r: St Birgitta (23 July, the date of her death, here recorded as the ‘translatio’);

f. 1r: St Anne (26 July);

f. 1r: St Botvid (28 July);

f. 1r: St Olof (29 July);

f. 1r: St Elin (31 July);

f. 1v: Transfiguration of Jesus (6 Aug.);

f. 2r: St Marcellus (4 Sep.);

f. 2r: Sts Gorgonius and Dorotheus (9 Sep.);

f. 2r: Wenceslaus (28 Sep.);

f. 2v: Translation of St Eskil (6 Oct.);

f. 2v: St Birgitta (7 Oct. with the octave 14 Oct.);

f. 2v: St Cordula (22 Oct.);

f. 3v: St Anne (9 Dec.).

f. 2r: An obit entry on 12 September was added 1575, see Additions.

Edition: Kroon (1951), pp. 27–32.

Unit 2

1 (ff. 4ra–4rb) Blessing and sprinkling of holy water

Rubric: Sacerdos in dominicis diebus celebraturus in alba et stola paratus priusquam planetam seu casulam induat [...] Sequitur exorzismus salis tonaliter dicendo Adiutorium Deinde conspergitur aqua cum Antiphona

Incipit: Asperges me

Explicit: cum omnibus sanctis in aduentu filii tui domini nostri ihesu christo celesti gloria perfrui mereamur per eundem dominum

Note: The antiphon is set to two different melodies depending on the degree of solemnity. It is followed by three collects.

2 (ff. 4rb–106ra) Proper of time

Rubric: Dominica prima in aduentu officium Dominica prima aduentus domini Officium

Incipit: ⟨A⟩d te leuaui (Ps. 24:1)

Explicit: Quod autem dico vobis omnibus dico vigilate (Mark 13:37)

Final rubric: Explicit missale de tempore ab aduentu vsque in aduentum domini finitum

Note:

The proper of time begins with the First Sunday of Advent and ends with the Twenty-fourth Sunday after Trinity and the mass for the Sunday before the First Sunday of Advent. All songs are fully notated. One bifolium is lost between f. 89v and f. 90r, resulting in the loss of the end of the Sixth Sunday after Trinity and the beginning of the Seventh Sunday after Trinity.

ff. 37v–37Ar: guidelines and ruling but no text. No loss of text between f. 37v and f. 38r.

Edition: Johansson (1951), pp. 187–191 (Benedictions of the palms for Palm Sunday).

3 (ff. 106ra–106vb) Dedication of the church

Rubric: Sequitur de dedicacione ecclesie Officium

Incipit: ⟨T⟩erribilis est locus iste

Explicit: dum iugiter per vestigia tua graditur ad celestia promissa te ducente peruenire mereatur Per Quando hoc festum infra pascha [...] siue sit dominica siue non cotidiana dicatur

4 (ff. 106vb–110rb) Ordo and Canon missae

Rubric: Oracio ante altare cum genuflexione antequam induat vestes sacras

Incipit: Sancti dei omnes qui ab inicio

Explicit: ut cuncta nostra operacio et oracio a te semper incipiat et per te incepta finiatur Qui viuis et regnas deus per omnia secula seculorum amen

Final rubric: Et sic est finis laudetur deus in celis

Note:

This part begins with the priest's prayers before Mass and ends with prayers to be said after Mass. The prefaces are set to music.

f. 109rb: The canon. The initial has been cut out. No canon image.

5 (ff. 110va–123vb) Proper of saints (fragmented)

Rubric: ...ia de ... deficit queretur in ⟨commu⟩ni de sanctis In vigilia sancti Andree Officium

Explicit: complenda preceptis domine sacris supplices te rogamus ut intercedentibus [mut.]

Note:

The Proper of saints begins with the vigil for St Andrew (29 Nov.). An unknown number of quires are missing between f. 113v and f. 114r, resulting in the loss of most of the feast of the Purification (2 Feb.) and the beginning of the feast of St John the Baptist (24 June), as well as all feasts between these dates. On account of missing quires the proper ends imperfectly with the feast for Sts Simon and Jude (28 Oct.). Notable feasts:

f. 116rb: St Knut (10 July);

ff. 117ra–117rb: St Birgitta (23 July);

ff. 117va–117vb: St Botvid (28 July);

ff. 117vb–118ra: St Olof (29 July);

ff. 118ra–118rb: St Elin (31 July);

f. 123rb: Translation of St Eskil (6 Oct., rubric only);

f. 123rb: St Birgitta (7 Oct., rubric only).

Edition: Johansson (1951), pp. 183–184 (Benedictions of the candles for the Purification of the Virgin Mary).

Physical Description

Support

Binding/Endleaves

Support 1

Locus: LCI, RCI

Support: Parchment

Support 2

Locus: LCI

Support: Western paper

Note: The paste-down is modern and glued on top of the original parchment paste-down, covering about two-thirds of it.

Unit 1

Locus: ff. 1r–3v

Support: Western paper

Leaf dimensions: 285 × 205 mm

Watermark 1

Locus: ff. 1r,

Motif: Bull's head with eyes and nostrils, single-line rod and star above, similar to Piccard II:2, VII, 385.

Unit 2

Locus: ff. 4r–123v

Support: Western paper

Leaf dimensions: 285 × 205 mm

Watermark 2

Locus: ff. 6r–49r,

Motif: Bull's head with eyes and nostrils, single-line rod and star above, similar to Piccard II:2, VII, 812.

Watermark 3

Locus: ff. 55r–123v,

Motif: Bull's head with eyes and nostrils, single-line rod and star above, similar to Piccard II:2, VII, 362.

Foliation

Modern foliation in pencil 1-37, 37a-123.

Collation

Binding/Endleaves

Formula: 1(6, lacks 1-3), 2-4(10), 5(9+1), 6-8(10), 9(12), 10(12, lacks 6-7), 11(10+1+2), 12(12, lacks 7-12), 13(10), 14(8, all lacking)

Note: VisColl collation Note: Collation for quires 5, 11 and 12 is tentative. Parchment guards in all quires, a few of them from fragmented manuscripts. Quires 1 and 12 are mutilated and repaired. In quire 10 one bifolium is lost between f. 89 and f. 90. Quire 11 is a quinion with one extra leaf and one bifolium. Between quires 12 and 13 an unknown number of quires is missing. After quire 14 several quires are missing.

Unit 2

Signatures: Alphanumeric bifolium signatures mostly in red ink some in black, missing  ff. 73r–84v because of wear, trimming and repair. f. 9v in red ink: ‘quintus’.

Catchwords: Present on f. 95v, an added leaf: ‘omnes’ (written as close as possible to the right edge of the leaf, not visible in the digitized image), and on f. 107v: ‘xc’ (for christus, written very close to the gutter).

Condition

Unit 1

The three extant leaves are what remains of an original ternion. The paper is brittle. Outer cornes are lost and edges are fraying. Burn marks on outer margin on f. 1r are showing through to the rest of the leaves in the quire.

Unit 2

Paper is worn, edges brittle, upper corner missing on most leaves. Most leaves stained and affected by moisture. Contemporary and modern repairs are visible throughout, e.g. ff. 14, 35, 68, 73. A hole from a burn has been repaired on ff. 60–61. A piece is missing from top of page on f. 95 resulting in some text loss. One bifolium is lost between ff. 89v–90r and an unknown number of quires are missing between ff. 113v–114r. After f. 123 several leaves have been cut out, leaving the proper of saints incomplete.

Layout

Unit 1

Locus: ff. 1r–3v

Columns: 1

Written area: 220 × 135/140 mm

Note: Columns for the calendar are ruled in brown-black ink.

Unit 2

Locus: ff. 4r–123v

Columns: 2

Written area: 220/230 × 75/90 mm

Note: Columns and every other or third line are ruled in black ink.

Script

Unit 1

Hand

(ff. 1r–3v)

Unit 2

Hand 1

(ff. 3r–19ra, 41rb–60v, 61va–123v)Gothic cursiva libraria/formata with occasional loopless ascenders.

Hand 2

(ff. 19ra–29vb, 34v–41ra)Hybrida with occasional loops on ascenders.

Hand 3

(ff. 61ra–61va)Gothic cursive

Additions

Binding/Endleaves

(LCI) On the original parchment paste down is written in black ink in a late medieval hand: ‘ [--- chars ---] bekienner jak karl hanson hawa anamath aff skinberga ena klockio som vogh ett skeppund ok iv lispund oc v marker medh kleppen ’. Top left corner: National Library modern book label with the current signum in black ink. Top centre in black ink by an 18-century hand: ‘No. 58 Brocmanniana Missale Lincopense’.

(RCI) Late medieval and early modern pen trials in black ink by many hands.

Unit 1

(ff. 1r–3v) The names of the months and number of days have been added by a different hand.

(f. 2r) For 12 September in the calendar: ‘In Christe ex hac lacrimarum vallis emigressa est Filia mea Anna, quae in hac templo sepulta est hoc ipso die Anno domini 1575 Matthias Olaui Dingtunensis’.

(f. 2v) In the outer margin in black ink by a 16th-century hand is added a text in Swedish, partly lost due to wear of the paper, see Kroon (1951), p. 30, n. 1.

Unit 2

(f. 4r) In the upper margin in black ink by a 17th-century hand: ‘Ex l⟨ibris Bothvidi⟩ A nat. ⟨salvat (1)624⟩ ’. Now only partially preserved but quoted in Lindberg (1923), p. 37.

(ff. 9r–123v) Marginal corrections in black and red ink throughout, in both contemporary and early modern hands, sometimes also with musical notation, e.g. (ff. 13v, 70r–70r).

(f. 110r) In lower margin in red ink: a red cross drawn in a circle next to a short addition to the text.

(f. 114r) In the lower margin in black ink by an early modern hand: ‘johannes baptista officium misse’.

Decorations

Unit 1

Description:

Text written in black and red ink.

Unit 2

Description:

Written in black ink with red for rubrics and initials.

Initials:

Plain initials in red and black over 1-2 lines, hanging I in red over 3-6 lines. For notated texts red and black initials, sometimes with interior reserved shapes, over the entire staff, e.g. (f. 67v). These are not always written in but space is reserved and guide letter present, e.g. (f. 83r). (f. 33r): Red initial ‘C’ over 6 lines with interior reserved shapes. In the counterspace a green decoration with interior reserved shapes and red dots.

Musical Notation

Unit 2

Square notation over a four-line staff.

Binding

Description:

Late medieval binding. Dark brown leather over wooden boards. Four double raised bands and two endbands. Three clasps. On Spine a modern leather label stamped in gold: ‘Missale Lincopense M S C’; and below: ‘A 97’.

Binding dimensions: 295 × 225 × 60 mm

Tooling:

LCO, blind tooling filled in with red. Double lines creating a centre panel, which is divided by double lines horisontally, vertically and diagonally. Probably the same decoration on the RCO.

Condition: Leather is heavily worn and and cracking along the spine. Leather is torn on the outer corners showing the boards and a large piece is missing on the LCO. Decoration on RCO is barely visible. Clasps are missing leaving only the brass nails or holes for the nails. A small piece of the wooden board is missing on the outer edge of the RCO from where the middle clasp was fitted. Remains of a blue (silk?) ribbon glued to the RCI and thread through a hole in the board to the RCO.

History

Origin

Sweden, second half of the 15th century proposed in  Lindberg (1923), p. 38 and supported by the watermarks. Helander (1957), p. 90, n. 9 discusses dating based on the calendar and suggests between 1436–1441/8.

Provenance

The mention of ‘Skönberga’ in the note on the LCI, recovered by reagent in 1919, could suggest that the missal once belonged to the Church of Skönberga, Östergötland diocese, as proposed in Lindberg, p. 37: ‘ [--- chars ---] bekienner jak karl hanson hawa anamath aff skinberga ena klockio som vogh ett skeppund ok iv lispund oc v marker medh kleppen ’. One Karl Hansson is recorded as a merchant in Söderköping who in 1532 sent a copper bell to Lübeck, see Källström (1939), p. 44, n. 6. Doubts regarding this provenance are raised in Kroon (1951), pp. 11–13.

The missal can also be connected with Västra Sten church, no longer standing, in Västra stenby socken, Linköping diocese, since Matthias Olavi Dingtunensis, a priest from Dingtuna in Västmanland (d. 1608), who officiated there in 1579-1608 has made an obit entry in the calendar for September 12, 1575, f. 2r, for his daughter, see Additions and Kroon (1951), pp. 11–13.

The name in the addition on f. 4r, now almost completely obliterated but quoted in Lindberg (1923), p. 37 as ‘Ex libris Bothvidi A nat. salvat. (1)624’, could possibly refer to Bothvid Claudii Pallinaerus, son of the priest in Skönberga church Claudius Bothvidi (1599–1636), student at Uppsala University in 1625, and district judge (häradshövding) in Bohuslän, see Linköpings stifts herdaminne, vol. 3, p. 538.

The missal belonged to Nils Reinhold Brocman (1731–1770), librarian at the Royal Library and antiquarian at the Antiquities Archive, see addition on LCO: ‘No. 58 Brocmanniana Missale Lincopense’. Brocman bequeathed the manuscript to the Antiquities Archive 1770, see transcription of his will from 1770 in U 89, where it is listed as ‘Liturgica in Folio. Missale Lincopense Msct’.

Acquisition

From the Antiquities Archive to the Royal Library. Brocman's books are registered in the 19th-century inventory U 165:2: ‘I Salongs soubassementerne. Skåpet 13 Brocmanniana.’